2025-10-29
This dataset include 463 confirmed cases admitted from 2018-08-05 to 2019-07-15.
56% women and 2% children ≤5 years .
150 confirmed deaths reported for an average CFR of 32%.
\[ Ct_{ij} = \beta_0 + \beta_1 (\text{Time from Onset}_{ij}) + \beta_2 (\text{Outcome}_i) + \beta_3 (\text{Time from Onset} \times \text{Outcome}_i) + u_i + \epsilon_{ij} \]
These complications are inferred from laboratory results :
| Final LASSO-Selected Logistic Regression: EVD Outcome | ||||||||||
| Multivariable model including LASSO-selected predictors | ||||||||||
| Characteristic | N | Event N | OR | 95% CI | p-value | Significance1 | Direction | Unadjusted RR2 | Adjusted Risk Ratio (95% CI)3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CT at admission | 354 | 134 | 0.73 | 0.67, 0.78 | <0.001 | *** | ⬇ | 0.86 (0.84-0.89) | ||
| Delay from Onset to Admission | 354 | 134 | 1.14 | 1.05, 1.23 | 0.001 | ** | ⬆ | 1.02 (1-1.04) | ||
| Hyperkaliemia | 354 | 134 | 17.7 | 0.75, 1,120 | 0.17 | ⬆ | 2.32 | 1.27 (0.82-1.97) | ||
| Rhabdomyolysis | 354 | 134 | 1.88 | 0.56, 6.77 | 0.31 | ⬆ | 1.89 | 1.16 (0.8-1.67) | ||
| Anuria anytime | 354 | 134 | 2.64 | 0.53, 16.1 | 0.26 | ⬆ | 2.05 | 1.36 (0.8-2.32) | ||
| Difficulty breathing anytime | 354 | 134 | 4.31 | 1.74, 11.4 | 0.002 | ** | ⬆ | 1.91 | 1.58 (1.2-2.08) | |
| Signs of dehydration anytime | 354 | 134 | 0.29 | 0.11, 0.71 | 0.008 | ** | ⬇ | 1.14 | 0.65 (0.47-0.91) | |
| Unusual bleeding bruising anytime | 354 | 134 | 2.36 | 1.19, 4.74 | 0.014 | * | ⬆ | 1.85 | 1.32 (1.07-1.64) | |
| Anorexia | 354 | 134 | 0.62 | 0.28, 1.33 | 0.22 | ⬇ | 1.41 | 0.88 (0.65-1.19) | ||
| Diarrhoea | 354 | 134 | 1.14 | 0.54, 2.38 | 0.74 | ⬆ | 1.79 | 1.14 (0.85-1.52) | ||
| Fatigue/weakness anytime | 354 | 134 | 2.48 | 0.83, 7.95 | 0.11 | ⬆ | 2.71 | 1.51 (0.89-2.58) | ||
| Nausea/vomiting anytime | 354 | 134 | 0.52 | 0.24, 1.13 | 0.10 | . | ⬇ | 1.42 | 0.85 (0.6-1.19) | |
| Sore throat/swallowing anytime | 354 | 134 | 1.46 | 0.70, 3.05 | 0.32 | ⬆ | 1.52 | 1.06 (0.82-1.37) | ||
| Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio, NA | ||||||||||
| 1 Odds ratios (OR) obtained by exponentiating the logistic regression coefficients (β). OR > 1 indicates increased odds of the outcome; OR < 1 indicates decreased odds. | ||||||||||
| 2 Raw risk ratios (RR) were calculated as the ratio of the risk of death among participants with the condition (Yes) versus without the condition (No). | ||||||||||
| 3 Adjusted risk ratios (RR) obtained from Poisson regression with robust standard errors. RR > 1 indicates increased risk; RR < 1 indicates decreased risk. | ||||||||||
| Final LASSO-Selected Logistic Regression: Renal Impairment | ||||||||||
| Multivariable model including LASSO-selected predictors | ||||||||||
| Characteristic | N | Event N | OR | 95% CI | p-value | Significance1 | Direction | Unadjusted RR2 | Adjusted Risk Ratio (95% CI)3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CT at admission | 354 | 40 | 0.97 | 0.89, 1.05 | 0.44 | ⬇ | 0.97 (0.92-1.03) | |||
| Experimental treatment | 354 | 40 | 2.39 | 1.01, 5.90 | 0.051 | . | ⬆ | 2.40 | 1.98 (1.04-3.78) | |
| Hyperkaliemia | 354 | 40 | 31.4 | 3.11, 351 | 0.003 | ** | ⬆ | 7.08 | 1.83 (0.56-5.92) | |
| Hypokaliemia | 354 | 40 | 16.4 | 2.96, 85.0 | <0.001 | *** | ⬆ | 3.82 | 6.52 (2.24-18.93) | |
| Rhabdomyolysis | 354 | 40 | 38.6 | 11.4, 150 | <0.001 | *** | ⬆ | 9.49 | 6.78 (3.42-13.42) | |
| Severe Hypoglycemia | 354 | 40 | 10.0 | 0.61, 194 | 0.12 | ⬆ | 6.44 | 1.44 (0.42-4.96) | ||
| Severe thrombocytopenia | 354 | 40 | 24.2 | 1.00, 311 | 0.016 | * | ⬆ | 3.00 | 10.55 (1.74-63.89) | |
| Adbominal pain | 354 | 40 | 1.80 | 0.72, 4.59 | 0.21 | ⬆ | 1.88 | 1.52 (0.84-2.72) | ||
| Agitation | 354 | 40 | 3.87 | 0.63, 18.2 | 0.11 | ⬆ | 2.53 | 2.44 (1.04-5.7) | ||
| Diarrhoea | 354 | 40 | 1.45 | 0.48, 4.98 | 0.53 | ⬆ | 2.44 | 1.01 (0.44-2.32) | ||
| Hiccups | 354 | 40 | 3.06 | 0.69, 10.9 | 0.10 | ⬆ | 1.80 | 1.68 (0.51-5.56) | ||
| Myalgia/Body pain | 354 | 40 | 1.79 | 0.75, 4.53 | 0.20 | ⬆ | 2.04 | 1.43 (0.76-2.68) | ||
| Nausea/vomiting anytime | 354 | 40 | 0.95 | 0.32, 3.09 | 0.92 | ⬇ | 2.42 | 1.11 (0.44-2.83) | ||
| Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio, NA | ||||||||||
| 1 Odds ratios (OR) obtained by exponentiating the logistic regression coefficients (β). OR > 1 indicates increased odds of the outcome; OR < 1 indicates decreased odds. | ||||||||||
| 2 Raw risk ratios (RR) were calculated as the ratio of the risk of death among participants with the condition (Yes) versus without the condition (No). | ||||||||||
| 3 Adjusted risk ratios (RR) obtained from Poisson regression with robust standard errors. RR > 1 indicates increased risk; RR < 1 indicates decreased risk. | ||||||||||
| Final LASSO-Selected Logistic Regression: Bleeding | ||||||||||
| Multivariable model including LASSO-selected predictors | ||||||||||
| Characteristic | N | Event N | OR | 95% CI | p-value | Significance1 | Direction | Unadjusted RR2 | Adjusted Risk Ratio (95% CI)3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signs of dehydration anytime | 354 | 36 | 3.06 | 1.27, 6.97 | 0.009 | ** | ⬆ | 3.02 | 2.54 (1.27-5.07) | |
| CT at admission | 354 | 36 | 0.95 | 0.89, 1.01 | 0.088 | . | ⬇ | 0.95 (0.89-1.02) | ||
| Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio, NA | ||||||||||
| 1 Odds ratios (OR) obtained by exponentiating the logistic regression coefficients (β). OR > 1 indicates increased odds of the outcome; OR < 1 indicates decreased odds. | ||||||||||
| 2 Raw risk ratios (RR) were calculated as the ratio of the risk of death among participants with the condition (Yes) versus without the condition (No). | ||||||||||
| 3 Adjusted risk ratios (RR) obtained from Poisson regression with robust standard errors. RR > 1 indicates increased risk; RR < 1 indicates decreased risk. | ||||||||||
EVD - North Kivu 2019